動物實驗室規劃

 Classification and standards of experimental animal / 實驗動物分級及其標準

There are four levels for experimental animal in accordance with microbiological control standards:

根據實驗動物微生物控制標準，可將實驗動物分為四級：

Level I: Common animals (CV) are general animals that are not subject to special control. They are required not to have the pathogen and for main infectious diseases for human and animal diseases and pathogen for fulminating infectious disease. In order to prevent infectious diseases, it is necessary to take certain measures to ensure reproducibility of the results of the experiment during animal breeding (The experiments carried out by different operators and in different time in accordance with experimental procedures on same type of animals should have similar results). 

一等級：普通動物（CV），是指微生物不受特殊控制的一般動物。要求排除人獸共患病的病原體和少數的實驗動物烈性傳染病的病原體。為防止傳染病，在實驗動物飼養和繁殖時，要采取一定的措施，應保證其用于測試的結果具有反應的重現性（即無論不同的操作人員，在不同的時間，用同一品系的動物按規定的實驗規程所做的實驗，都能獲得幾乎相同的結果）。

Level II: Clean animals (CL) are required not to have the pathogen for main infectious diseases for human and animal diseases.

二級：清潔動物（CL），要求排除人獸共患病及動物主要傳染病的病原體。

Level III: Animals without special pathogen (SPF) are required to reach level II and exclude some designated pathogen. High efficiency air filter sterilization, UV sterilization, three glycol vapor spray and aqueous solution of lithium chloride spray can be used for sterilization.

三等級：無特殊病原體動物（SPF），要求到二級外，還要排除一些規定的病原體。其除菌與滅菌的方法，可使用空氣過濾器除菌法：紫外線滅菌法、三甘醇蒸氣噴霧法及氯化鋰水溶液噴霧法。

Level IV: sterile animal (GF) or gnotobiotic animal (GN). Sterile animals are required not to have any microorganisms that can be detected by existing method. Gnotobiotic animals are required not have implanted with one or several kinds of known microorganisms in the sterile animal. 

四級：無菌動物（GF）或悉生動物（GN）。無菌動物要求不帶有任何用現有方法可檢出的微生物。悉生動物要求在無菌動物體上植入一種或數種已知的微生物。

Sterile animals and animals with known bacteria or without special pathogen need to be kept in sterile environment, this kind of environment is at present known as barrier environment in the world, that is, using a barrier to separate animals from surrounding pollution.

無菌、已知菌以及無特殊病原體動物都需要在無菌或盡可能無菌的環境里飼養，這種環境，目前通用稱為屏障環境，即用一道屏障把動物與周圍污染的環境隔開。

A .Isolation system / 隔離系統  

It is a system for breeding animals in a container with gloves and it is used to keep sterile animals and terrestrial animals. The cleanliness inside must be level 100 according to the requirements of microorganism, but rooms and operators shall not be considered as for sterile room.

是在帶有操作手套的容器中飼養動物的系統，用于飼養無菌動物和棲生動物。內部保持按微生物要求的100級的潔凈度，但其設置的房間及操作人員不必按無菌室考慮。

B.Shield system / 屏障系統   

The sterile room with level 10,000-100,000 can be used as feeding room, which is mainly used for long-term breeding of animals without special pathogen. Strict management should be carried out when entering the room such as shower, change clothes, etc.

把10000~100000級左右的無菌潔凈室作為飼養室，主要用于無特殊病原體動物的長期飼養和繁殖。入室施行嚴格管理，如淋浴、換貼身衣服等。

C.Semi-shield system / 半屏障系統

Broaden management of people and objects coming in and out of the room. The composition of the plane is roughly the same as the shield system.

放寬對屏障系統中人及物出入房間時的管理，平面組成大致與屏障系統相同。

D.Laminar frame system / 層流架系統   

Cages should be placed in a clean horizontal laminar air. It is commonly used in small scale breeding, but there is a risk of contamination in an ordinary room for feeding, operation and handling. Semi-shield can be supplemented.

籠具放在潔凈的水平層流空氣中。常用于小規模飼養，但在一般房間進行飼養、操作和處理時有被污染的危險性?？捎糜诎肫琳系难a充。

E.Open System / 開放系統   

It is the system for people, objects and air coming in and out of the room without eliminating pollution, but usually a certain degree of cleaning management should be carried out.

是對人、物、空氣等進出房間均不施行消污染的系統，但通常要進行某種程度的清潔管理。

Basic requirements for animal room design / 動物房設計的基本要求

(1) Site: quiet and hygienic.              (2) Layout: preparation area, feeding area and experimental area. People flow, goods flow and animal flow are separated (one-way); purification, sterilization, pest control are required.              (3) Building: have a clean corridor, feeding room, pollution corridor and other rooms.              (4) Air conditioning system: temperature, humidity and air velocity are controllable with certain amount of ventilation volume and air pressure.             (5) Lighting: use fluorescent lamps for animal room without windows and use glass windows for animal room with windows to filter UV. 12h lighting and 12h dark are required.              (6) Water supply: drinking water and purified water.

(1) 選址：僻靜、衛生。          (2) 布置：分為準備區、飼養區、實驗區。要求人流、物流、動物流分開（單向流程）; 要求凈化、滅菌、防蟲。          (3) 建筑：要求有潔凈走廊，飼養室，污染走廊以及其他各室。          (4) 空調系統：有可控制的溫度和濕度、氣流速度和分布，有一定的換氣量和氣壓。          (5) 照明：無窗動物房使用熒光燈，有窗動物房可安裝玻璃窗，以濾去紫外線。要求12h亮，12h暗。          (6) 供水：有飲用水和精制水。

Configuration of animal room / 動物房的設置

Animal room, activity area and corresponding auxiliary room should be built according to different species and different levels of experimental animals. The site should be quiet and clean without adverse external influence.

根據不同種類和不同級別實驗動物的需要，建立相應設施的動物房、活動場所和相應的輔助用房。場址應選在能保持安靜、清潔、無不良外界影響的地方。

Animal room must be full of light with good ventilation, have clean ground and no water accumulation; ceiling and walls must be easy to clean and disinfect; exterior walls, roof, ceiling, doors and windows and pipelines must be free from animals, mosquitoes and other pests. Indoor temperature should be controlled at in 18-29℃, relative humidity 40%-70%, noise 60dB.

動物房須光線充足、通風良好、地面整潔，不積水；頂棚、墻壁要易于清潔、消毒；外墻、屋頂、頂棚、門窗及通外面的管道等須杜絕外界動物、蚊蠅及其它蟲害鉆入。室內溫度控制在18~29℃，相對濕度40%~70%，噪音60dB以內。

The animal density in cages cannot be too large. Air supply device, exhaust device, cooling and heating equipment should be equipped. Dedicated sewage and drainage facilities must be built to prevent spread of pathogens. All cages should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Pad material must be disinfected by high temperature/pressure or drugs and replaced in time. Indoor ammonia concentrations must be below 15 mg/m3.

籠內動物密度不能太大，要有送風、排風、降溫及保暖設備。須有專用的排污、排水設施，防止病原擴散。各種籠具要定期清洗消毒，墊料須經高溫高壓或藥物消毒并及時更換，使室內氨濃度在15 mg/m3以下。